The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work. Co-Principal Editors: Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman Current Operations Are Supported By: The Offices of the Provost, the...
Search engines shape our understanding of the world by controlling what information we see and how we access it. As gatekeepers of knowledge, search engines make decisions—often without transparency—about what information is shown, prioritized, or excluded, which can perpetuate biases, reinforce...
The philosophy of computer science is concerned with the ontological and methodological issues arising from within the academic discipline of computer science, and from the practice of software development and its commercial and industrial deployment. More specifically, the philosophy of computer...
Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that...
Peter of Spain (thirteenth century), exact identity unknown, was the author of a standard textbook on logic, the Tractatus (Tracts), which enjoyed a high renown in Europe for many centuries. His works on logic are typical examples of the type of manuals that gradually started to emerge within the...
Quantum mechanics, with its revolutionary implications, has posed innumerable problems to philosophers of science. In particular, it has suggested reconsidering basic concepts such as the existence of a world that is, at least to some...
Charles Sanders Peirce was a philosopher, but it is not easy to classify him in philosophy because of the breadth of his work. (Please refer to the table of contents of the entry Charles Sanders Peirce.) Logic was one of the main topics on which Peirce wrote. If we focus on logic, however, it...
We are sorry but the entry on Measurement in Quantum Theory has been retired from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. It is no longer being maintained and can now be found only in the SEP Archives. The entry has been replaced with a new entry, titled: Philosophical Issues in Quantum Theory....
Benjamin Peirce (b. April 4, 1809, d. October 6, 1880) was a professor at Harvard with interests in celestial mechanics, applications of plane and spherical trigonometry to navigation, number theory and algebra. In mechanics, he helped to...
Constitutionalism is the idea, often associated with the political theories of John Locke and the founders of the American republic, that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority or legitimacy depends on its observing these limitations. This idea brings...
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